Tics and Tourette Syndrome

A tic is an involuntary, recurring movement or vocalisation, often starting around age 6-7. Tourette Syndrome (or Tourette Disorder) involves both motor and vocal tics, while other tic disorders may include only one type. Tics often start with a premonitory urge and are followed by relief. Despite media portrayals, obscene gestures and words are rare in Tourette Syndrome.

Common symptoms of tics

Tics can vary in frequency and intensity and may be preceded by a sensation of tension (premonitory urge) and followed by relief after the tic occurs.

What you may not be aware of about
tic disorders...

1

Tic disorders, including
Tourette Syndrome, can
persist into adulthood and
sometimes worsen with age

2

The most well known tic
disorder is Tourette
Syndrome

3

Tourette Syndrome most
often begins between the
ages of 2 and 21, and lasts
throughout life

4

Tourette Syndrome is a
genetic inherited
neurological disorder

What the research says
about tic disorders

When it comes to understanding and treating tic disorders, research has given us a lot of insight. First off, tic disorders, including conditions like Tourette Syndrome, involve repetitive, involuntary movements and sounds. They typically begin in childhood and can vary in severity over time. ​

Researchers have found that the most effective treatments for tic disorders usually involve a combination of behavioural therapy and, in some cases, medication. One standout approach is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), specifically a technique called Habit Reversal Training (HRT). This method helps individuals become more aware of their tics and develop strategies to manage or even reduce them. HRT is often a first-line treatment because it equips individuals with practical skills to gain better control over their tics without the need for medication.

For those who need additional support, medications can be helpful. Some people benefit from medications that reduce the severity of tics, such as certain antipsychotics or medications used to treat ADHD, which sometimes occurs alongside tic disorders. However, it’s important to remember that medication isn’t suitable for everyone and is usually considered when tics are particularly severe or causing significant distress.

Another interesting area of research is the role of Comprehensive Behavioural Intervention for Tics (CBIT), which combines HRT with other behavioural strategies. CBIT has shown great promise in clinical trials and is becoming more widely recommended by healthcare professionals. It focuses on understanding the contexts in which tics occur and implementing changes to the environment and daily routines to help reduce tic frequency.

Beyond these therapies, understanding the underlying causes of tic disorders is a major focus of ongoing research. While the exact cause is still not fully understood, we do know that genetics play a significant role. There’s also evidence suggesting that abnormalities in certain brain regions and neurotransmitters may contribute to the development of tics.

In terms of lifestyle and holistic approaches, some studies suggest that reducing stress and improving overall wellbeing can have a positive impact on tic severity. This might include regular exercise, a balanced diet, and mindfulness or relaxation techniques. While these strategies aren’t replacements for more structured treatments, they can be valuable components of a comprehensive care plan.

Overall, the combination of behavioural therapies, targeted medication when necessary, and lifestyle adjustments offers a well-rounded approach to managing tic disorders. It’s always best to work with healthcare professionals who can tailor treatment plans to the individual’s needs, ensuring the best possible outcomes.

*Source: An Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Tic Disorders – National Library of Medicine

Tips for managing tic disorders

Our Psychologists are highly qualified with Masters or Doctorate degrees in Clinical Psychology. They
use Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), the gold standard for many psychological issues, along with
other evidence-based treatments like Mindfulness and Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT).